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The H-1B visa explained for international professionals

The H-1B is the most common US work visa for professionals in specialty occupations. It requires an employer sponsor, usually goes through an annual lottery, and has seen significant policy changes recently — so check current rules before planning around it.

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JobsDart Editorial
2 min read

Key Takeaways

  • H-1B is for "specialty occupations" that normally require at least a bachelor's degree in a related field.
  • Most first-time applicants must be selected in an annual registration lottery because of the yearly cap.
  • The employer files the petition and pays most costs; recent policy changes have significantly increased costs for some new petitions.
  • Cap-exempt employers (such as universities and some research organisations) can sponsor without the lottery.

Who qualifies

The job must be a specialty occupation, and you must hold a US bachelor's degree or a foreign equivalent in a related field (or equivalent experience). Common H-1B roles include software engineering, data science, engineering, finance and healthcare professions.

How the process works

Typical H-1B cap process
StageWhat happens
RegistrationThe employer registers you electronically during the annual registration window, usually in March
SelectionUSCIS selects registrations up to the annual cap, including a separate allocation for US advanced degree holders
Labour Condition ApplicationThe employer files an LCA with the Department of Labor confirming wage and working conditions
PetitionIf selected, the employer files the full H-1B petition
Start dateApproved cap-subject employees typically start on or after October 1

Recent changes to watch

H-1B policy has changed significantly in recent years, including changes to how registrations are selected and a large additional fee introduced in 2025 for certain new petitions. Rules and their interpretation continue to evolve, and some changes face legal challenges.

Before relying on the H-1B, check the latest guidance on the USCIS website and ask prospective employers how they currently handle sponsorship.

Alternatives to the H-1B

  • L-1: intra-company transfer after working for the employer abroad, usually for at least one year
  • O-1: for individuals with extraordinary ability, evidenced by awards, publications or recognition
  • Cap-exempt H-1B: employment with universities and some non-profit research organisations
  • Country-specific visas available to citizens of certain countries under trade agreements
  • Student routes: graduate study with practical training options

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I apply for an H-1B myself?

No. A US employer must sponsor you and file the registration and petition.

How long can I stay on an H-1B?

Generally up to six years in total, in increments, with some extensions possible in specific situations such as pending green card processes.

Can I change jobs on an H-1B?

Yes, a new employer can file a petition for you, and in many cases you can start once it is filed, subject to the rules in force.

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